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How to Set Up a Git Server on Ubuntu

Version control is essential for managing code efficiently, and hosting your own Git server can provide greater control over your repositories. In this guide, we’ll walk you through setting up a Git server on Ubuntu.

Prerequisites

• A server running Ubuntu (20.04 or later recommended)
• SSH access to the server
• Basic knowledge of Linux commands

Step 1: Install Git

First, update your package list and install Git:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git -y

Verify the installation:

git --version

Step 2: Create a Git User

For security purposes, create a dedicated Git user:

sudo adduser git

Follow the prompts to set a password and user details.

Step 3: Set Up SSH Access

To allow remote access, add your public SSH key to the Git user’s authorized keys file.

Copy your local machine’s public key:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Then, on the server:

sudo mkdir -p /home/git/.ssh
sudo nano /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

Paste the copied key and save the file. Set proper permissions:

sudo chown -R git:git /home/git/.ssh
sudo chmod 700 /home/git/.ssh
sudo chmod 600 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

Step 4: Create a Bare Repository

A bare repository stores version history but does not have a working directory.

sudo mkdir -p /home/git/repos
sudo chown -R git:git /home/git/repos
cd /home/git/repos
git init --bare myrepo.git

Step 5: Configure Git Server Permissions

Ensure the Git user has the correct permissions:

sudo chown -R git:git /home/git/repos/myrepo.git

To prevent unwanted modifications, enforce proper permissions:

cd /home/git/repos/myrepo.git
chmod -R 755 .

Step 6: Clone the Repository

From your local machine, run:

git clone git@git-server:/home/git/repos/myrepo.git

Replace git-server with your server’s IP or hostname.

Step 7: Push Changes

Navigate to your cloned repository, create a file, and push it to the remote server:

cd myrepo
touch README.md
git add README.md
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git push origin master

Conclusion

Setting up a Git server on Ubuntu provides a secure and flexible way to manage code repositories. By following these steps, you can host your own Git server and collaborate with your team efficiently.

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